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The Egyptian Expedition Under the Command of Bonaparte - Leon Cogniet
The Egyptian Expedition Under the Command of Bonaparte

 

Napoleon's Egyptian Campaign 1798-1801

Napoleon's campaign in Egypt was part of the French Revolutionary Wars.


At this point in the French Revolutionary Wars, the British were the only ones left standing in opposition to France.

Not being able to land on their island, and evaluating Britain's power at sea, the French decided that the British could not be conquered head on. What to do?

French domination in Egypt, perhaps even a conquest of the Ottoman Empire, would challenge British control over the Mediterranean Sea and throw a major wrench into the engine of British trade and military operations.

 

Image Above

The Egyptian expedition under the command of Bonaparte. Painting by Léon Cogniet. Louvre.

 

When Did the Egyptian Campaign Begin?

The Egyptian Campaign commenced on May 19, 1798, when Napoleon's expedition set sail and left Toulon for Egypt.

 

Preparations

Napoleon arrived at Toulon on May 9, 1798, to take command of the expedition, an invasion party of 35,000 men.

On May 10, 1798, he addressed his troops as follows:

 

Soldiers, you are one of the wings of the army of England. You have waged war in mountains, in plains, at sieges. You have still to wage maritime war.

The Roman legions, which you have sometimes imitated but not yet equaled, combated Carthage by turns on the sea and on the plains of Zama. Victory never forsook them because they were constantly brave, patient in enduring fatigue, well disciplined, and united together.

Soldiers, the eyes of Europe are upon you. You have great destinies to fulfill, battles to fight, dangers and hardships to surmount. You will do more than you have yet done for the prosperity of your country, the happiness of mankind, and your own glory.

Soldiers, seamen, infantry, artillery, cavalry, be united. Recollect that on the day of battle you have need of one another.

Soldiers, seamen, you have hitherto been neglected. Now the greatest solicitude of the republic is for you. You will be worthy of the army of which you form a part.

The genius of liberty, which had made the republic from her birth the arbitress of Europe, decrees that she shall be so to the most remote seas and nations.
 

 

Key Battles and Events in the Egyptian Campaign

Egyptian Campaign Begins
May 19, 1798

French Capture of Alexandria
July 1, 1798

Battle of the Pyramids
July 21, 1798 - French victory

Battle of the Nile
August 1, 1798 - British victory

Siege of Acre
March 17-20, 1799 - Unsuccessful siege by the French

Battle of Mount Tabor
April 16, 1799 - French victory. The French, led by  Kleber, defeat the Arabs.

Battle of Aboukir
July 14-25, 1799 - French victory

Bonaparte's Departure
August 24, 1799 - Bonaparte sneaks out of Egypt and leaves  Kleber in charge as general-in-chief.

Battle of Heliopolis
March 20, 1800 - French victory

Egyptian Campaign Ends
September 2, 1801


 

 

The Egyptian Campaign and the Rosetta Stone

A member of the French expedition tripped over a rather unusual looking rock. It turned out to be the key that was necessary to crack the writing of the ancient Egyptians, the hieroglyphs.

See more under Rosetta Stone.

 

When Did the Egyptian Campaign End?

The Egyptian Campaign ended on September 2, 1801, when French General Jacques Menou surrendered at Alexandria.

 

 

Here are the maps


Egypt and Syria 1798
1798 Egypt and Syria


Napoleon's Campaign in Egypt, 1798
1798 Egypt and Syria


Italy 1799
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French Revolutionary Wars Timeline - 1798

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