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Fort Penthièvre and the Quiberon Bay
 Fort Penthièvre and the Quiberon Bay
Ministère de la Défense

 

Battle of Quiberon — June 27, 1795

The Battle of Quiberon in 1795 was part of the  Wars of the Vendée, which in turn were part of the French Revolutionary Wars.


Quiberon is located in Morbihan, Brittany, France.

Here is more about Quiberon, including a nice map.

 

The Invasion

On June 27, 1795, a British fleet arrived at Quiberon Bay, disembarking 5,400 French royalist  émigrés at Carnac (see map.)

Leader of the invasion force was Count Joseph de Puisaye. Second in command was Count D'Hervilly.

The idea was to capture Fort Penthievre, to defend the Quiberon peninsula, to encourage a general royalist counterrevolution, and of course to restore the monarchy.

British reinforcement would soon be on its way.

Around 12,000 royalist rebels from Brittany came to meet, greet, and join the expedition.

Among them was Charette de La Contrie, one of the leaders of the rebels in the Vendee. He had just recently (February 17, 1795) signed the Treaty of La Jaunaye (Traité de La Jaunaye), which was a peace treaty between the republicans and the royalists.

Together, invasion force and rebels in residence stormed Fort Penthièvre, located on the wee stretch of land that connects Quiberon with the mainland (see map.)


Battle of Quiberon Bay - November 20, 1759
QUIBERON BAY
Click map to enlarge




The Days Following the Invasion

The republican forces arrived at Ste Barbe and begun digging a trench effectively cutting off the peninsula. Puisaye thought it would be best to nip this in the bud.

On July 7, just before dawn, Puisaye and 2,000 men attacked the republicans at Ste Barbe but they had to withdraw.

Map Location Ste Barbe / Quiberon Peninsula
Map Location Ste Barbe
Google Map

 

By the time the royalists had figured out whether or not Puisaye was the best choice for a leader, more republican troops, led by General Lazare Hoche, had gathered and were on the move.

Hoche pushed the main invasion force back onto the peninsula. Trapped, they either holed up in Fort Penthievre or went into the sea. Some 900 made it back to the British boats, Puisaye was among them.

 

Republican Victory

On the night of July 20, 1795, the Republicans attacked Fort Penthièvre. The next morning, on July 21, 1795, the royalists surrendered.

Hoche had 6,263 royalists arrested and 748 were shot at Brech, just outside Auray, where they were buried. Today, that site is called Le Champ des Martyrs.

 

Fort Penthièvre
Fort Penthièvre
Ministère de la Défense


 

Causes of the Republican Victory

Rivalries among the royalists, caused by confusion about the legitimacy of the appointment of the persons in charge, led to their defeat.

Another reason for the failure of the expedition were the republican soldiers that had been captured by the royalists and had been "converted" to the royalist cause. In truth, they weren't really won over at all and helped the republican cause a great deal from the inside of the enemy's camp.

 

Quiberon Bay in 1759

Here is more about the Battle of Quiberon Bay in 1759.

 

 

 

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