Map Description

Historical Map of the Pinarus Valley (Pinarus River).

The Battle of Issus, November 333 BC — Decisive Action


Illustrating

Alexander initiated the battle by leading an attack from his right wing, where he commanded the Companion Cavalry.

At some point during the battle, Alexander and his cavalry force managed to fight their way close enough to Darius's position in the Persian center to cause the Persian king to flee. This flight is one of the most securely attested aspects of the battle, as it is mentioned consistently across multiple sources and had clear historical consequences.

After Darius fled, the Persian army collapsed and retreated, with significant losses occurring during the retreat through the confined terrain behind their position.

Credits

Courtesy of the United States Military Academy Department of History.

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