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HOME   -   WARS, BATTLES & REVOLUTIONS   -   WORLD WAR I

 
 

 

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Who got slain, almost slain, when, how, why, and by whom?

Go to the Assassination Archive
 


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Online History Dictionary A - Z

Online History Dictionary A - Z

 

All-Time Records in History
What was the bloodiest battle, the battle with the least casualties, who was the greatest military leader?

Go to Records in History

 

Wars, Battles & Revolutions in History

 

Faces of World War I

Francis Ferdinand

Francis Joseph

William II

Alfred Schlieffen

T.E. Lawrence

Georges Clemenceau

David Lloyd George

Arthur Zimmermann

Woodrow Wilson

 

World War I Timelines

World War I - 1914

World War I - 1915

World War I - 1916

World War I - 1917

World War I - 1918

World War I in the Stream of Time

Who All Watched WWI?

 

World War I Documents

Treaty of Versailles 1919

Treaty of Saint Germain 1919


World War I Maps

Map of the Ottoman Empire 1914
MAP OF THE OTTOMAN EMPIRE 1914
Click map to enlarge


Map of WWI: Serbian Campaign - August-December 1914
MAP OF THE SERBIAN CAMPAIGN
August-December 1914

Click map to enlarge


Map of WWI: Mesopotamia 1914 - Anglo-Indian Invasion
MAP OF MESOPOTAMIA 1914 -
ANGLO-INDIAN INVASION

Click map to enlarge


Map of Mesopotamia January-July 1915
MAP OF MESOPOTAMIA -
January-July 1915

Click map to enlarge


Map of the Dardanelles and Gallipoli Peninsula - Feb-Apr 1915
MAP OF THE DARDANELLES AND
GALLIPOLI PENINSULA - Feb-Apr 1915

Click map to enlarge


Map of WWI: Serbia and the Salonika Expedition - October 7, 1915
MAP OF SERBIA AND THE SALONIKA EXPEDITION - October 7, 1915
Click map to enlarge


Map of WWI: Romanian Campaign - Aug 27-Sep 18, 1916
MAP OF THE ROMANIAN CAMPAIGN -
Aug 27-Sep 18, 1916

Click map to enlarge


Map of WWI: Romanian Campaign - Sep 19-Oct 25, 1916
MAP OF THE ROMANIAN CAMPAIGN -
Sep 19-Oct 25, 1916

Click map to enlarge


Map of WWI: Romanian Campaign - Nov 26, 1916-Jan 7, 1917
MAP OF THE ROMANIAN CAMPAIGN -
Nov 26, 1916-Jan 7, 1917

Click map to enlarge

 

Map of WWI: Baltic Islands - Oct 10-20, 1917
MAP OF THE BALTIC ISLANDS - Oct 10-20, 1917
Click map to enlarge

 

The Western Front

Maps capturing the events on the Western Front


MAP OF THE WESTERN FRONT 1914
Click map to enlarge

Map of Northwest Europe - August 2, 1914
MAP OF NORTHWEST EUROPE: CONCENTRATION OF OPPOSING ARMIES - August 2, 1914

Click map to enlarge

Map of Belgium - August 20, 1914
MAP OF BELGIUM: ADVANCE OF
THE GERMAN RIGHT WING - August 20, 1914

Click map to enlarge

Map of Northwest Europe - August 26-30, 1914: Allied Retreat
MAP OF THE ALLIED RETREAT -
August 26-30, 1914

Click map to enlarge

Map of Northwest Europe - Aug 30-Sep 5, 1914: Allied Retreat
MAP OF THE ALLIED RETREAT -
August 30-September 5, 1914

Click map to enlarge

Map of WWI: Western Front Sept 30-Nov 11, 1914
MAP OF THE WESTERN FRONT -
Sept 30-Nov 11, 1914

Click map to enlarge

Map of WWI: Western Front 1915-1916
MAP OF THE WESTERN FRONT 1915-1916
Click map to enlarge

Map of WWI: Western Front 1918 - Five German Offensives
MAP OF THE WESTERN FRONT 1918:
FIVE GERMAN OFFENSIVES

Click map to enlarge

Map of WWI: Western Front - Sept 25-Nov 11, 1918 - Final Allied Offensive
MAP OF THE WESTERN FRONT: FINAL ALLIED OFFENSIVE - Sept 25-Nov 11, 1918
Click map to enlarge


The Eastern Front

Maps illustrating the battles and events on the Eastern Front


Map of WWI: Eastern Front 1914
MAP OF THE EASTERN FRONT 1914
Click map to enlarge

Map of WWI: Eastern Front - Sept 28-Nov 1, 1914: Campaign in Southwest Poland
MAP OF THE EASTERN FRONT:
CAMPAIGN IN SOUTHWEST POLAND -
Sept 28-Nov 1, 1914

Click map to enlarge

Map of WWI: Eastern Front - May 1-Sept 30, 1915: German Breakthrough in the Gorlice-Tarnów Area
MAP OF THE EASTERN FRONT: GERMAN BREAKTHROUGH
IN THE GORLICE-TARNOW AREA - May 1-Sept 30, 1915

Click map to enlarge

Map of WWI: Eastern Front - March 1916 - Prior to the Brusilov Breakthrough against Austria-Hungary June–August 1916
MAP OF THE EASTERN FRONT - March 1916
Click map to enlarge

Map of WWI: Eastern Front - May-Sept 1916 - the Brusilov Offensive
MAP OF THE EASTERN FRONT: THE BRUSILOV OFFENSIVE - May-Sept 1916
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Map of WWI: Eastern Front 1917-8
MAP OF THE EASTERN FRONT 1917-8
Click map to enlarge

 

 

   

World War One 1914-1918 - Trench Warfare
WORLD WAR ONE
1914 - 1918


The Sarajevo Ripple Effect

Prior to World War II, World War I was called The Great War.
 

Over 65 million troops were engaged in the First World War, an unprecedented number in 1914.

Consequently, the war also set a sad record in wreaking havoc.

For the most part, the war was fought in Europe; however, the Middle East, Africa, and Asia saw action as well.

 

Who was involved in World War I?

In one way or another, almost everybody. Only the following countries managed to remain neutral:

In Europe: Denmark, Holland, Norway, Sweden, Switzerland, and Spain.

In the Americas: Argentina, Chile, Colombia, Mexico, and Venezuela.

In Asia: Afghanistan and Persia.

In Africa: Abyssinia.

 

The main combatants of WWI

The Central Powers fought against the Allies.

The Central Powers were Germany, Austria-Hungary, Turkey and Bulgaria.


The Allies were France, Great Britain, Russia, Italy, Japan, United States, Romania, Serbia, Belgium, Greece, Portugal, and Montenegro.

And here they are on a map.

Map of Europe 1914
Europe 1914 - Allied, Central, and Neutral Powers

 

What were the causes of World War I?

Imperialistic expansion was backed by a widespread net of military alliances. This extensive alliance system was vulnerable, since nothing could happen without everyone's being affected.

In simpler terms, everybody made a promise to everybody to help them out in case they got attacked. Now, all that needed to happen was someone had to sneeze and everybody would be forced to take sides and fight whether they wanted to or not.

In fact, someone did sneeze on June 28, 1914.

 

What started World War I?

On June 28, 1914, Serbian radical Gavrilo Princip assassinated Archduke Franz-Ferdinand of Austria in Sarajevo. A month later, on July 28, 1914, Austria declared war against Serbia and the rest of the globe followed into World War I.

 

What ended World War I?

Bulgaria surrendered on September 30, 1918; Turkey on October 30; and Austria-Hungary on November 4, 1918.

On November 11, 1918, an armistice was signed between the Allies and Germany. World War I was officially ended.



The peace conference was headed by the "Big Four,"
David Lloyd George of Britain, Georges Clemenceau of France,
Vittorio Orlando
of Italy, and
Woodrow Wilson of the United States.

 


Who won World War I? Who lost World War I?

The Allies were the victors of World War I. The Central Powers lost World War I.

 

What were the casualties of World War I?

During the four years of war, more than 8.5 million soldiers were killed and 20 million wounded. A total of 15,000,000 million deaths are estimated. Roughly 90% of all Austrian mobilized forces became casualties.

Check the American war casualties report

 

Treaties of World War I

At the end of WWI, the Allies concluded the Treaty of Versailles with Germany and the Treaty of Saint Germain with Austria.


And this is what everybody lost / gained on the European map:


Germany before and after the Treaty of Versailles, 1919
GERMANY BEFORE AND AFTER THE TREATY OF VERSAILLES
Click to enlarge



Map of Europe in 1919: the national boundary realignments resulting from the First World War
Europe 1919:
the national boundary realignments
resulting from the First World War


Map of the World in 1919: Political Realignment Following the First World War
1919 World Map:
Political Realignment
Following the First World War

 

 

The United States and World War I

The United States was determined to remain neutral in European affairs. However, Germany’s unrestricted submarine warfare soon changed America’s opinion.

Furthermore, the Zimmermann Telegram was intercepted by the United States. This telegram, sent by Arthur Zimmermann, revealed Germany’s proposal of an alliance with Mexico against the United States, and "an understanding on our [the German's] part that Mexico is to reconquer the lost territory in Texas, New Mexico, and Arizona.”

The Americans rubbed their eyes twice, read the telegram again, and on April 6, 1917, the United States entered World War I.

 

Russia and World War I

Simultaneously, the Russians had their hands full with World War I and the  Russian Revolution of 1917 which turned everything in the country upside down.

And, without a breather, the nation went on trying to survive the Russian Civil War 1918-1920, which turned out to have been a walk in the park compared to the following chapter, the reign of mass murderer Stalin from 1928-1953, whose colossal cruelty was only interrupted by World War II, during which Russia lost 18 million of its people.

This is the incredibly devastating background of the Russian people.

 

The Impact of World War I on Humankind

The First World War ended four dynastic empires in the country of

- Germany ( Hohenzollern Dynasty)

- Russia (
Romanov Dynasty)

- Austria-Hungary (
Habsburg Dynasty)

- Turkey (Ottoman Dynasty)

For names of the last emperors and their successors see the Lvov Trivia.


The war also drastically reshaped the map of Europe, leaving much of it in economic desperation.

All of Germany's overseas colonies in China, in the Pacific, and in Africa were taken over by the Allies.




The Battles of World War I

August 14 - September 5, 1914

Battle of the Frontiers

 

 

August 20-22, 1914

Battle of Morhange-Sarrebourg, part of the Battle of the Frontiers

 

 

August 26-30, 1914

Battle of Tannenberg

 

 

September 6-12, 1914

First Battle of the Marne

 

 

September 9-14, 1914

First Battle of the Masurian Lakes

 

 

October 12-November 11, 1914

First Battle of Ypres

 

 

November 11-December 6, 1914

Battle of Lodz

 

 

February 7-22, 1915

Second Battle of the Masurian Lakes, also called Winter Battle of the Masurian Lakes or Winter Battle of Masuria

 

 

February 19, 1915 -January 1916

Dardanelles Campaign, also called Gallipoli Campaign

 

 

April 22-May 25, 1915

Second Battle of Ypres

 

 

June 23-July 7, 1915

First Battle of the Isonzo

 

 

July 18-August 3, 1915

Second Battle of the Isonzo

 

 

September 25 - October 13, 1915

Battle of Loos

 

 

September 28, 1915

First Battle of Kut (Al-Kut)

 

 

October 18-November 3, 1915

Third Battle of the Isonzo

 

 

November 10-December 2, 1915

Fourth Battle of the Isonzo

 

 

February 21-December 15, 1916

Battle of Verdun

 

 

March 9-17, 1916

Fifth Battle of the Isonzo

 

 

May 31-June 1, 1916

Battle of Jutland, also called Battle of the Skagerrak

 

 

July 1-November 13, 1916

First Battle of the Somme

 

 

August 6-17, 1916

Sixth Battle of the Isonzo

 

 

September 14-17, 1916

Seventh Battle of the Isonzo

 

 

October 10-12, 1916

Eighth Battle of the Isonzo

 

 

November 1-4, 1916

Ninth Battle of the Isonzo

   

February 22-23, 1917

Second Battle of Kut (Al-Kut)

   

March 26, 1917

First Battle of Gaza

   

April 19, 1917

Second Battle of Gaza

   

May 12-June 8, 1917

Tenth Battle of the Isonzo

   

July 31-November 6, 1917

Third Battle of Ypres, also called the Battle of Passchendaele

   

August 19-September 12, 1917

Eleventh Battle of the Isonzo

   

October 24-November 19, 1917

Battle of Caporetto, also called Twelfth Battle of the Isonzo

   

October 31-November 7, 1917

Third Battle of Gaza

   

November 20 - December 7, 1917

Battle of Cambrai

   

March 21-April 5, 1918

Second Battle of the Somme also called Battle of Saint-Quentin

   

July 15-18, 1918

Second Battle of the Marne

   

August 8 - 12, 1918

Battle of Amiens

   

September 19-21, 1918

Battle of Megiddo

   

September 26-November 11, 1918

Battles of the Meuse-Argonne

   

October 24-November 3, 1918

Battle of Vittorio Veneto

   


Go here for the
Timelines of World War One

 


Armenian Genocide

During the war, the government of the Ottoman Empire (Turkey) instigated the Armenian Genocide. The genocide lasted from 1915 until 1923, caused 1.5 million deaths, and even to this day has gone relatively unnoticed.

In fact, until this day the Armenian Genocide remains a hot topic.

Some Armenians are of the opinion that Turkey can't really become part of Europe until it acknowledges its part played in the Armenian Genocide. Apparently, a certain Mr Hrant Dink was of this opinion as well. He was a Turkish citizen of Armenian descent and was assassinated in front of his office on January 19, 2007. Mr Dink was a newspaper editor. The Turkish government brought 18 people to trial for this assassination.

More from the
Washington Post...


Encyclopaedia Britannica tell us

The Armenians are traditionally members of either the Monophysite Armenian Apostolic (Orthodox) church or the Armenian Catholic branch of the Roman Catholic church.

The population of Turkey are predominantly Muslims.


The Armenian Genocide proved inspirational for Nut Adolf.

"Who, after all, speaks today of the annihilation of the Armenians?"

More about Hitler's quote from the Armenian National Institute.
 



World War I Controversy

Which persons or nations were most responsible for the war’s outbreak is debated.

 

World War I Trivia

Compared to previous wars, technological advances heavily increased the casualties of World War I. Tank, submarine, and airplane warfare was introduced as well as the machine gun and poison gas.


World War I became infamous for its costly trench warfare at the Western Front which stretched from the North Sea to the Swiss border.


Here you can
Check the costs of major US wars in comparison.


Read up on the brief but intense
war experience of one Stanley C. Griffin.


Here is more on
Mata Hari.

Mata Hari

 

 

 

And here is a fabulous photograph from Zooniverse. If you are a citizen historian and you can spare a moment, take part in this impressive project, Operation War Diary.

Happy World War I Soldiers
Happy World War I Soldiers
Click to enlarge

 

 

 

 

At eleven o'clock this morning came to an end the cruelest and most terrible war that has ever scourged mankind. I hope we may say that thus, this fateful morning, came to and end all wars.


David Lloyd George, November 11, 1918

 

 

 

See also American Timeline.

 

Maybe, see also Human Rights

 

 

 

 

 

 

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