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HOME   -   PEOPLE IN HISTORY A-Z   -   JAMES II

 
   


James II, 1633 - 1701

 

James II  1633-1701

 



James was the Duke of York from 1634 until 1685. After that, he was the king of Great Britain from 1685 - 1688.

James II, a member of the Stuart family, was a no-nonsense man, however, always ready to chase the occasional skirt.

 

The Family of James II

James's father was Charles I. His mother was Henrietta Maria. James was the second surviving son. James had another brother, Charles II.


In 1660, James married Anne Hyde, daughter of the earl of Clarendon.

James had two daughters: Mary II and Anne. In 1677, Mary married William III (William of Orange.)

When James's first wife, Anne, died, James moved on and married Mary of Modena in 1673.

 

James II and the English Civil Wars

James lived in Oxford from 1642 until 1646, when the city surrendered. Parliament then confined him to St James's Palace.

In April 1648, James escaped to the Netherlands.

In 1649, he met up with his mother in France and then joined, get ready, the French army of all clubs. That was in April 1652. He fought along with loyal Frenchmen under their famous general, the Vicomte de Turenne.

More about the English Civil Wars here.

 

James II and Charles II

1656 was a head scratcher for James. His brother Charles II allied with Spain against France. Now what to do. He had to change sides and join the Spanish army, which he did. He was made commander in the Spanish army and fought at the Battle of the Dunes in 1658.

Events developed and brother Charles was made new king of England. Under Charles's reign, James got a job in the navy. In this capacity, James became very interested in the matters of the colonies. James organized to get New Amsterdam from the Dutch in 1664. In honor of James, the city was re-named New York.

By the way, What is the Restoration?

 

James II and the Dutch Wars

James was an active navy man in the Second (1665 - 1667) and Third (1672 - 1674) Anglo-Dutch War.

 

James II and the Glorious Revolution 1688-1689

Before the Glorious Revolution, James was king. After the revolution, James was dethroned. In his place, William III and Mary II (his daughter) ruled.

James fought William in the Jacobite War and here is the map

 

Campaign in the North-East of Ireland and Battle of the Boyne, 1690
Ireland 1689 - 1691 Jacobite War
Click map to enlarge

 

 

Much later, in 1745, James' grandson, Bonnie Prince Charlie, would lead the Jacobite Rebellion.

 

 

 

 

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