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HOME   -   GOVERNMENTS IN HISTORY   -   HOLY ROMAN EMPIRE

 
   


Holy Roman Empire 800-1806

Go here for the Roman Empire.

 


Let's start with a Voltaire quote from 1769:

Ce corps qui s'appelait et qui s'appelle encore le saint empire romain n'ètait en aucune maniére ni saint, ni romain, ni empire.

In other words:

This agglomeration which was called and which still calls itself the Holy Roman Empire was neither holy, nor Roman, nor an empire.

Essai sur les moeurs et l’esprit des nations

 

That out of the way, here are the rulers of the Holy Roman Empire from 800 until 1806:
 

800 - 1806

Holy Roman Empire

 

 

 

800 - 962 Carolingian Empire    
     Emperor:
     800 - 814: Charlemagne
     814 - 840: Louis I the Pious
     ...
     875 - 877: Charles II the Bald
     ...
     881 - 887: Charles III the Fat

962 - 1806 Ottonian Empire 
     Emperor:
     962 - 973: Otto I the Great
     973 - 983: Otto II
     983 - 1002: Otto III
     1002 - 1024: Henry II
     1024 - 1039: Conrad II
     1039 - 1056: Henry III
     1056 - 1105: Henry IV
     1105 - 1125: Henry V
     1125 - 1137: Lothair II
     1138 - 1152: Conrad III
     1152 - 1190: Frederick I
     1190 - 1197: Henry VI
     1198 - 1208: Philip
     1208 - 1212: Otto IV
     1212 - 1250: Frederick II
     1250 - 1254: Conrad IV

     1273 - 1291: Rudolf I
     1292 - 1298: Adolf of Nassau
     1298 - 1308: Albert I
     1308 - 1313: Henry VII
     1314 - 1346: Louis IV
     1346 - 1378: Charles IV
     1378 - 1400: Wenceslaus
     1400 - 1410: Rupert
     1410 - 1437: Sigismund
     1438 - 1439: Albert II
     1440 - 1493: Frederick III
     1493 - 1519: Maximilian I
     1519 - 1558:
Charles V
     1558 - 1564:
Ferdinand I
     1564 - 1576: Maximilian II
     1576 - 1612: Rudolf II
     1612 - 1619: Mathias
     1619 - 1637: Ferdinand II
     1637 - 1657: Ferdinand III
     1658 - 1705: Leopold I
     1705 - 1711: Joseph I
     1711 - 1740:
Charles VI

     1742 - 1745: Charles VII
     1745 - 1765:
Francis I
     1765 - 1790:
Joseph II
     1790 - 1792:
Leopold II
     1792 - 1806:
Francis II

 

 

 


The Beginning of the Holy Roman Empire

Some say, the Holy Roman Empire was set up in 962, not in 800.

What's the difference? Some see the Carolingian Empire as part of the Holy Roman Empire, some don't.

In the year 800, Charlemagne was crowned emperor and the Carolingian Empire was established.

In the year 962, Otto I was crowned emperor and the Ottonian Empire was established.

See here for more on the Carolingian Dynasty.

 


Dynasties of the Holy Roman Empire

The Hohenstaufen Dynasty ruled 1138-1208 and again 1212-1254.

 

 


And here are the maps

Central Europe, 919-1125
Central Europe 919 - 1125
Click map to enlarge

 

Map of Europe 1580
1580 Europe

 

Map of the Holy Roman Empire 1618
Holy Roman Empire 1618

 

Central Europe 1786
1786 Central Europe


 


The End of the Holy Roman Empire

In 1806, Napoleon devised the Confederation of the Rhine. Sixteen German states left the Holy Roman Empire and joined the Confederation. More states joined later.

Holy Roman Emperor Francis II ran out of steam and officially quit his job on August 6, 1806. The Holy Roman Empire was history.


Here is the map of Germany and Italy at the time of the dissolution of the Holy Roman Empire

Map of Germany and Italy 1806
Map of Germany and Italy in 1806



And here is another one, same date, but Central Europe 

Central Europe - To Illustrate the Campaigns of Napoleon. The Frontiers are those of August 6, 1806
1806 Central Europe, August 6



 

See also Governments of Germany and Governments of Austria


 

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